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FOR THE PROMOTION OF THE 



MECHANIC AETS 












Organized January 12th, 1848 ; Incorporated at December Session, 
1849, of the General Assembly of Maryland. 



BALTIMORE : 

Printed by James Young, 114 W. Baltimore-st. 
1873. 



-fl 



MEMORANDA. 



The REGULAR MEETINGS are held as follows: 

Of the Institute — Second "Wednesday in the months of 
March and April, at 7| o'clock, P. M., for the transaction of 
business, and the third Wednesday in April for the election 
of officers. 

Of the Board of Managers — The Monday after the first 
Wednesday in each month at 7 J o'clock, P. M., from Novem- 
ber to April, inclusive, and at 8 o'clock during the remainder 
of the year. 

SCHOOLS OF DESIGN". 

The Night School is in session three evenings (Monday, 
Wednesday and Friday) in the week, at 7 o'clock, from No- 
vember to February 1st, and at 1\ o'clock for the balance of 
the season. The term continues from November to March. 

The Day School is in session daily from September to July. 

BOOK-KEEPING AND WRITING SCHOOL. 

The School is in session two evenings (Tuesday and Thurs- 
day) in the week, at 7\ o'clock — the term commencing in 
November and ending in March. 

MUSIC SCHOOLS. 

The Night School is in session two evenings (Monday and 
Thursday) in the week, at 7\ o'clock. 
The Day School is in session daily. 
The terms of both commence in September. 

LECTURES. 

The Lectures before the Institute are delivered in the main 
saloon, beginning in November and closing in March, each 
lecture being duly advertised in the daily papers. 



MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 



CHEMICAL DEPARTMENT. 

The Lectures on Analytical Chemistry are delivered in the 
Chemical School room on Friday evening of each week, 
commeDcingin December. The School of Applied Chemistry 
is in session daily. 

THE LIBRAKY 

Is open daily (except Sundays and legal holidays.) For ladies 
only from 9 A. M. to 2 P. M.; for members generally from 3 
to 9 P. M. 

TERMS OF MEMBERSHIP. 

Life — The payment of twenty-five dollars, or the transfer 
to the Institute of five shares of its stock, constitutes a male 
life member. 

The payment of ten dollars, or the transfer of two shares 
of stock, constitutes a female life member. 

Annual — Senior male members pay an annual subscription 
of five dollars ; Female and Junior members three dollars. 

The year commences on the first day of September, and all 
subscription to membership are payable in advance. 

Honorary Members are elected by the Board of Managers 
in consideration of distinguished services rendered the In- 
stitute. 

Membership Tickets entitle the owner to the use of the 
library, to tuition in the various schools, upon payment of 
the required tuition fees, and to admission to the Exhibition 
and Lectures at all times, with one lady. 

§3g^ Tickets are in no case transferable, and will be for- 
feited whenever found in the hands of any other person than 
the owner. 



MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 



The Institute's Cha*\ter. 



AN ACT INCORPORATING THE MARYLAND INSTITUTE FOR 
THE PROMOTION OF THE MECHANICAL ARTS. 

Section 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Maryland, That 
the members of the Maryland Institute for the promotion of the Mechanic 
Arts, and all those who shall hereafter become members, shall be, and are 
hereby incorporated and created a body politic, by name, st}de and title 
of the " Maryland Institute for the Promotion of the Mechanic Arts ;" and 
by that name shall have succession, and be able and capable in law to sue 
and be sued, to plead and be impleaded, in any court of record or elsewhere ; 
to make, have and use a common seal, and the same at pleasure to alter or 
renew ; to receive donations, gifts, grants, devises and bequests, or other 
conveyances of money, goods, chattels, effects, lands, tenements and estates, 
real and personal, and the same to hold, use, sell or otherwise dispose of, and 
convey, and generally to do all such acts, matters and things, as are or 
shall be necessary to carry into full effect the objects of the said corpora- 
tion ; provided, always, that the property owned by said corporation shall 
not exceed in value one hundred and twenty thousand dollars. 

Section 2. And be it enacted, That the members of the said corporation 
shall consist of Manufacturers, Artizans, and all persons friendly to the 
Mechanic Arts, who shall hereafter be elected in such manner, and pay such 
sum annually, or in gross, or an annual or life subscription, as the Consti- 
tution or By-Laws of the said corporation shall appoint or require : pro- 
vided always, that two-thirds of the Board of Directors of said corporation 
shall be practical manufacturers or mechanics. 

Section 3. And be it enacted, That the objects of the said corporation 
shall be the encouragement and promotion of manufacturers and the me- 
chanic and useful arts, by the establishment of popular lectures upon the 
sciences connected with them; by the lormation of a School of Design 
adapted to mechanical and manufacturing purposes ; for providing a Library, 
Reading Room and a Cabinet of Minerals, Models, and Mechanical Appa- 
ratus ; for holding Annual Exhibitions or Fairs, for articles of American 
Manufacture, and for offering premiums, or awards for excellence in those 
branches of natural industry, deemed worthy of encouragement; by ex- 
amining new inventions submitted for that purpose, and by such other 
means necessary for the accomplishment of their objects as experience may 
suggest. 



MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 



Section 4. And be it enacted, That the affairs of the said corporation 
shall be conducted and managed by a President, a Board of Directors, and 
by such other officers, and in such manner, as the Constitution or By-Laws 
of the same shall authorize and provide ; that such officers and directors 
shall be elected annually at a meeting of the said corporation to be held in 
the city of Baltimore on the second Wednesday in January, and that until 
the second Wednesday in January, in the year one thousand eight hundred 
and fifty-one, the present Officers and Directors of the Society, to wit: 
Joshua Vansant, President ; James Murray and Edward Needles, Vice- 
Presidents ; Samuel Sands, Recording Secretary ; William Prescott Smith, 
Corresponding Secretary; Thomas J. Clare, Treasurer; and Josiah Rey- 
nolds, C. W. Bentley, John Feast, Jesse Marden, W. Abrahams, Thomas 
Trimble, William Rogers, E. Whitman, Jr., D. M. Adams, Wm. Bayley,C. 
Conway, Robert Eareckson, Samuel McPherson, William Fergusson, Isaac 
Brown, H. R. Hazlehurst, John F. Davis, James Young, William Peters, 
John T. Fardy, Samuel E. Rice, William Robinson, Ephraini Larrabee and 
B. S. Benson, Directors, shall conduct the affairs of the said corporation 
conformably to the Constitution and articles promised and agreed to by the 
members previous to the passage of this act. 

Section 5. And be it enacted, That the duties and rights of the members 
of the said corporation, the power and functions of the officers thereof, 
mode of supplying vacancies in office, the time of meeting of said Corpora- 
tion and of the Board of Managers, the number which shall constitute a 
quorum at any such meeting, the mode of electing members, the terms of 
their admission, the terms which shall justify their suspension or expulsion 
from the corporation shall be regulated by the Constitution and By-Laws of 
said corporation, now existing, or hereafter to be made, which the said cor- 
poration is hereby authorized and empowered to make and alter in the 
manner which may be therein mentioned ; provided, that the said Constitu- 
tion and By-Laws shall not be repugnant to or inconsistent with the Con- 
stitution or Laws of the United States or of the State of Maryland. 

Section 6. And be it enacted, That the said corporation shall not issue 
any note, script or bill of credit to circulate as currency. 

Section 7. And be it enacted, That said act of incorporation shall inure 
for thirty years, and that the Legislature of Maryland reserves to itself the 
right to amend or repeal the same at pleasure. 

Passed December Session, 1849. 



MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 



RESOLUTION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF MARYLAND 

Granting an Annuity of $500 to the Institute — adopted Feb. 8, 1850. 

By the House op Delegates, February 8, 1851. 

Whereas, the Legislature of the State of Mary laud has evinced a dis- 
position to encourage Agricultural labor, and has, by the appointment of a 
State Chemist, awarded to that branch of industry the advantage of its aid 
in discoveries promotive to its profitable pursuit; and whereas, the im- 
provement and extension of the Mechanic Arts equally deserve the coun- 
tenance and patronage of the State, and are alike conductive to individual 
happiness and State prosperity ; and whereas, acting under the influence of 
an enlightened spirit, the Legislature of Maryland at its December Session, 
1829, by resolution No. 45, did contribute through its Treasury to the pro- 
motion of Mechanic Arts, which contribution was continued until by dis- 
asters the Maryland Institute, the then object of her bounty, ceased to 
exist ; and whereas, the Institute has been revived and is now in advanced 
progress, and it is proper that its utility should be enlarged, — 

Resolved by the General Assembly of Maryland, That the Treasurer of the 
State of Maryland be and is hereby directed to pay annually to the Presi- 
dent of the Maryland Institute for the Promotion of the Mechanic Arts, 
within one month after said Institute shall have held its annual exhibition, 
the sum of Five Hundred Dollars ; provided it shall be shown to the Trea- 
surer that the said Institute is in efficient operation at the time of such pay- 
ment. By order, 



G. G. BREWER, Clerk. 



AMENDMENT PASSED JANUARY SESSION, 1852. 

AN ACT to alter and amend an Act incorporating the Maryland Institute 

for the Promotion of Mechanic Arts, passed December session eighteen 

hundred and forty-nine, chapter one hundred and fourteen, so as to 

allow said Institute to establish a Department of Analytic Chemistry, 

and confer Diplomas upon Graduates thereof. 

Section 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Maryland, That the 

Maryland Institute for the Promotion of the Mechanic Arts, for the purpose 

of extending its means of education, is hereby authorized to establish a 

Department of Analytic and Applied Chemistry, and to appoint a Professor, 

and as many adjuncts for said Department, as the requirements of the same 

may, from time to time, demand. 

Section 2. And be it enacted, That the Maryland Institute shall have 
power to graduate students in Chemistry, and to grant diplomas to such as, 
after examination and recommendation by the professor, are worthy of the 
distinction. 



MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 



AMENDMENT PASSED JANUARY SESSION, 1868. 

AN ACT to repeal Section three of An Act entitled an " Act incorporating 
the Maryland Institute for the Promotion of the Mechanic Arts," passed 
Deceniher session, eighteen hundred and forty-nine, Chapter one hun- 
dred and fourteen, and to enact a subsitute therefor, and to add addi- 
tional sections thereto, as Sections eight and nine. 

Section 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Maryland, That Sec- 
tion three of the Act incorporating the Maryland Institute for the Promo- 
tion of the Mechanic Arts, passed at December session, eighteen hundred 
and forty-nine, he and the same is hereby repealed, and the following en- 
acted in lieu thereof, and the following additional Sections added thereto as 
Sections eight and nine. 

Section 3. And be it enacted, That the objects of the said corporation 
shall be the encouragement and promotion of manufacture and the me- 
chanic and useful arts, by the establishment of popular lectures upon the 
sciences connected with them ; by the formation of a school of design, 
adapted to mecbanical and manufacturing purposes ; for providing a library, 
reading room and a cabinet of minerals, models and mechanical aparatus ; 
for holding exhibitions or fairs, at the discretion of the Managers, for arti- 
cles of American manufacture, and for offering premiums or awards for 
excellence in those branches of national industry deemed worthy of encour- 
agement ; by examining new T inventions submitted for that purpose ; and 
by such other means necessary for the accomplishment of their objects, as 
experience may suggest. 

Section 8. And be it enacted by the General Assembly of Maryland, That 
the Treasurer of the State of Maryland be and he is hereby directed to pay, 
annually, to the President of the Maryland Institute for the Promotion of 
Mechanic Aits, in the month of April, in lieu of the annual appropriation 
of five hundred dollars, now authorized by law, the sum of three thousand 
dollars. The said annual appropriation shall be used solely in behalf of and 
in aid of the various schools of learning and educational departments con- 
nected with said Institution, and shall not be diverted therefrom for any 
reason whatever. 

Section 9. And be it enacted by the General Assembly of Maryland, That 
the President of the Maryland Institute for the Promotion of the Mechanic 
Arts shall annually, in the month of September, make a detailed report of 
the operations of the schools of design and other educational departments 
of the Institute to the Treasurer of the State of Maryland. 

Section 2. And be it enacted by the General Assembly of Maryland, That 
this Act shall take effect from and after the date of its passage. 



MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 



Officers for 1873. 



PRESIDENT. 

CHARLES W. BENTLEY, 

VICE-PRESIDENT. 

ISAAC S. GEORGE and J". MOWTON SAUNDERS. 

RECORDING SECRETARY. 

EDWARD L. CLARK. 



CORRESPONDING SECRETARY. 

N. H. THAYER. 



TREASURER. 



EDWARD W. ROBINSON. 



BOARD OF MAXAGERS. 



JOHN M. CARTER, 
V. O. EARECKSON, 
GEO. H. RODGERS, 
C. LEWIS DUNLAP, 
JNO. D. QUINCY, 
JAMES PENTLAND, 
THOS. C. BASSHOR, 
S. SANDS MILLS, 
CARROLL SPENCE, 
JAMES H. BOND, 
FERD. C. LATROBE, 
GEO. H. PAGELS, 



PHILIP M. SNOWDEN, 
ROBT. K. MARTIN, 
SAML. W. REGESTER, 
ALEX. L. SPEAR, 
WILLIAM M. IVES, 
ROBERT ASHCROFT, 
CHARLES OGLE, 
WILLIAM HARRIS, 
A. G. MOTT, 
SAMUEL A. EWALT, 
WILLIAM H. PERKINS, 
T. P. PERINE. 



*y Note.— The six chief officers are ex officio members of the Board of Managers. 







10 MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 




Standing Committees for 1873. 




EXHIBITION. 




CHARLES W. BENTLEY, Chairman. 




S. A. EWALT, SAML. W. REGESTER, 




GEO. H. RODGERS, N. H. THAYER, 




C. L. DUNLAP, WM. H. PERKINS, 




T. P. PERINE, GEO. H. PAGELS. 




SCHOOLS OF DESIGN. 




CARROLL SPENCE, Chairman. 




ROBT. ASHCROFT, E. W. ROBINSON, 




SAML. REGESTER, C. W. BENTLEY. 




R. K. MARTIN, F. C. LATROBE. 

LECTURES. 




JOHN M. CARTER, Chairman. 




JOHN D. QUINCY, E. L. CLARK, 




JAS. H. BOND, V. 0. EARECKSON. 

LIBRARY. 




JAMES H. BOND, Chairman. 




J. M. SAUNDERS, A. L. SPEAR, 




S. S. MILLS, F. C. LATROBE. 

HALE. 




JOHN D. QUINCY, Chairman. 




WM. M. IVES, CHAS. OGLE, 




I. S. GEORGE, P. M. SNOWDEN. 

CHEMICAL. 




J. MOWTON SAUNDERS, Chairman. 




N. H. THAYER, JAS. PENTLAND, 




A. G. MOTT, S. S. MILLS. 




EDUCATIONAL. 




V. 0. EARECKSON, Chairman. 




T. P. PERINE, GEO. H. PAGELS, 




P. M. SNOWDEN, WM. HARRIS. 

MUSIC. 




C. LEWIS DUNLAP, Chairman. 




T. C. BASSHOR, S. A. EWALT, 




A. L. SPEAR, S. W. REGESTER. 

FINANCE. 




C. W. BENTLEY, Chairman. 




I. S. GEORGE, E. W. ROBINSON, 




T. C. BASSHOR, J. M. CARTER. 




JOHN S. SELBY, Actuary. 




ALEX. F. LUSBY, Lirrarian. 









MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 11 



PREAMBLE TO THE CONSTITUTION 



Whereas, the Mechanics, Manufactures, Artizans and other 
citizens of Maryland, impressed with the importance of fos- 
tering the inventive genius of their countrymen, of exalting 
the character of the members of their respective professions, 
and of increasing the trade and business of the commercial 
mart of the State, and having associated themselves together, 
and obtained a charter from the Legislature of Maryland, 



7 



under the name and title of the " Maryland Institute for 
the Promotion of the Mechanic Arts ;" — to accomplish the 
objects in view, have made provision : 

1st. For holding Exhibitions, where American Mechanics, 
Manufacturers, Inventors and Artists, and all who may have 
made any discoveries in the Arts and Sciences may be enabled 
to exhibit the productions of their skill and ingenuity, in 
competition for the medals, diplomas, and other awards which 
may be offered by the Institute for superiority. 

2nd. For examining and reporting upon the merits of new 
inventions and improvements whenever desired. 

3rd. For the formation of a School of Design, adapted to 
Mechanical, Manufacturing and Scientific purposes, in which 
shall be taught the art of Drawing, Designing, Painting, &c. 

4th. For the establishment of Popular Lectures, on sub- 
jects connected with Manufactures, Mechanics, the useful Arts, 
and of a miscellaneous character. 

5th. For the formation of a Library and Eeading Room, 
a Cabinet of Minerals, Models, and Philosophical and Me- 
chanical apparatus. 



12 MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 



6th. For the formation of a School of Analytical and Ap- 
plied Chemistry, where the science may be thoroughly taught 
in all its branches. 

7th. For the formation of a School of Book-keeping and 
Writing, in which shall be taught a practical knowledge of 
Penmanship and the Science of Accounts. 

8th. For the formation of a School of Music, in which 
shall be taught the various branches of Yocal and Instrumen- 
tal Music. 

9th. For the establishment and conduct of such other 
Schools or Departments of Education as they may from time 
to time deem expedient. 

In order to make the necessary provision for effecting these 
desirable purposes, in obedience to the requisitions of the 
Charter, they have established the following Constitution and 
By-Laws for their government : 



MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 13 



CONSTITUTION 



ARTICLE I.— NAME AND OBJECT. 

Sec. 1. This Association shall be known and designated as 
the " Maryland Institute for the Promotion of the Me- 
chanic Arts." 

Sec. 2. The objects of the Institute shall be the promo- 
tion and encouragement of Manufactures, the Mechanic and 
Useful Arts — and the mental improvement of the industrial 
classes. 

ARTICLE II.— MEMBERSHIP. 

Sec. 1. Any person may become a member of the Institute 
in the manner hereinafter provided. 

Sec. 2. The members shall be divided into six classes, viz.: 
Life Members, male and female ; Members, who shall be male 
persons of the age of twenty-one years and upwards ; Junior 
Members, who shall be male persons under twenty-one years 
of age ; Lady Members ; and Honorary or Corresponding 
Members, who shall be persons of distinguished reputation, in 
connection with the objects of the Institute, or such as may 
have rendered it important service, to be elected by the Board 
of Managers, at their stated meetings, by a vote of two- thirds 
of those present. 

ARTICLE III.— OFFICERS. 

Sec. 1. The Officers of the Institute shall be as follows : — 
President, two Vice-Presidents, Recording Secretary, Corres- 
ponding Secretary, Treasurer, and Twenty-Four Managers, 
the whole comprising a Board of Managers, thirty in number 



14 MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 



— at least two-thirds of whom shall be practical manufactures 
or mechanics, resident of the City of Baltimore. 

ARTICLE IV.— MEETINGS. 

Sec. 1. Meetings of the Institute for the transaction of 
business shall be held on the second "Wednesday of the 
months of March and April. 

Sec. 2. Special meetings shall be called by the President, 
on application of the Board of Managers, or at the written 
request of twelve members. 

Sec. 3. At the stated meeting in April the Annual Reports 
of the Treasurer, Board of Managers, &c, shall be read and 
acted upon. 

Sec 4. The Annual Meeting of the Institute, for the elec- 
tion of officers, shall be held on the third Wednesday in April, 
when no other business shall be in order. 

Sec. 5. In default of an election at the annual meeting, 
the existing officers shall continue in office until others are 
properly elected. 

ARTICLE V.— QUORUM. 

Sec 1. Tor the transaction of the ordinary business of the 
Institute fifteen members shall constitute a quorum, but thirty 
members shall be required at all meetings for the election of 
officers. 

Sec 2. All business shall be considered ordinary, except 
a proposition to dissolve the Institute, which shall be consid- 
ered extraordinary, and shall require a majoriry of all the 
members to constitute a quorum for its consideration. 

Sec 3. At least three months previous notice shall be re- 
quired fer the consideration of extraordinary business. 

ARTICLE YL— MEMBERSHIP FEES. 

Sec 1. Life Members. Male persons, may become life 
members of the Institute by the payment of twenty-five dol- 
lars or the transfer to the Institute of five shares of its stock. 



MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 15 

— Females by the payment of ten dollars or the transfer of 
two shares of its stock. 

Sec. 2. Members shall pay to the Actuary an annual sub* 
scription of five dollars in advance. 

Sec. 3. Female and Junior members shall pay an annual 
subscription of three dollars in advance. They shall be en- 
titled to such privileges, except that of voting — and subject 
to such regulations as the Institute or Eoard of Managers may 
determine. 

ARTICLE VII.— ELECTIONS. 

Sec. 1. All nominations of elective officers for the annual 
election must be made at the stated meeting in March, or at 
least one month previous to the time of election ; nevertheless, 
nominations may be made on the night of the second Wed- 
nesday in April, provided a majority of the members present 
concur in a motion to that effect, — but no nomination shall be 
made upon the night of the annual election, except by unani- 
mous consent ; — and no election shall be valid, without the 
party shall have been duly nominated as herein provided. 
The Board of Managers shall have power to fill all vacancies. 

Sec 2. All officers of the Institute shall be elected by 
ballot ; and after each succeeding the third, the lowest candi- 
date shall be dropped. 

Sec 3. The presiding officer shall have no vote while in 
the chair, except in a case of a tie, of an election by ballot, or 
when the yeas and nays are called. 

Sec 4. In all elections for officers of the Institute, a ma- 
jority of the whole number of votes cast shall be necessary for 
a choice ; provided there be at least thirty votes cast in each 
ballot at an election. 

ARTICLE VIIL-MANAGEMENT. 

The Board of Managers shall have the management of the 
funds of the Institute, and all matters of finance connected 
therewith, and shall employ its revenues on the following ob- 
jects, viz.: 



16 MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 



First. In providing Exhibitions of the productions of 
American skill and industry, to be held in the city of Balti- 
more. 

Second. In affording at all times every reasonable facility 
for the trial and examination of such new inventions and im- 
provements as may be submitted to the Board for that purpose. 

Third. In conducting a School of Design, adapted to 
mechanical, manufacturing, artistic and scientific purposes. 

Fourth. In the establishment of popular Lectures on sub- 
jects connected, as far as practicable, with manufactures, me- 
chanics, and their collateral sciences. 

Fifth. In the formation of a Library and Reading Room, 
a Cabinet of Minerals and Models, and Philosophical and 
Mechanical Apparatus. 

Sixth. In fostering the Chemical Department of the In- 
stitute. 

Seventh. In conducting a School of Book-keeping and 
Writing where a thorough and practical knowledge of the 
Science of Accounts may be taught. 

Eighth. In conducting a School for instructions in Yocal 
and Instrumental Music. 

Ninth. In the establishment and conduct of such other 
schools or Departments of Education as they may from time 
to time deem expedient. 

ARTICLE IX.— INCOMPETENCY OR UNFAITHFULNESS. 

Sec. 1. Officers found incompetent for, or unfaithful in 
the discharge of their duties, shall be removed by a vote of a 
majority of the members present at any regular or stated 
meeting of the Board of Managers. 

Sec. 2. The Board of Managers shall declare the seat of 
any of their number vacant after an absence from the Board 
of three consecutive meetings, except in cases where leave of 
absence shall have been granted by the Board in advance, or 
of sickness or absence from the city. 



MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 17 



ARTICLE X.— BY-LAWS AND RULES OF ORDER. 

By-Laws and Rules of Order for the government of the 
Institute may be made or amended at any stated or special 
meeting, provided two-thirds of those present concur therein. 

ARTICLE XL— ALTERATION OF THE CONSTITUTION. 

To alter or amend this Constitution notice of the proposed 
amendment shall be given at any stated meeting of the Insti- 
tute, but it shall not be acted upon until the next or a subse- 
quent meeting. 



18 MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 



BY-LAWS. 



ARTICLE L— HOURS OF MEETING. 

The stated meetings of the Institute shall be held at 7? 
o'clock P. M.; of the Board of Managers at 7* o'clock P. M., 
from November to April inclusive, and at 8 o'clock P. M., 
during the remainder of the year. 

ARTICLE IL— PAY'MENT OF SUBSCRIPTIONS. 

The annual subscriptions shall be due and payable in ad- 
vance on the first day of September, in each and every year, 
and, upon payment, members shall receive a certificate of 
membership for the fiscal year, signed by the President and 
Secretary. 

ARTICLE III.— DUTIES OF THE OFFICERS. 
President 

Sec. 1. The President shall preside at all meetings of the 
Institute, and also of' the Board of Managers, enforce a due 
observance of the Constitution and By-Laws, see that all 
officers and committees perform their respective duties, appoint 
all committees and officers not otherwise provided for, inspect 
and announce the results of all balloting or other votes, and 
direct the Secretary to call special meetings when application 
is made in accordance with the Constitution. He shall sign 
all orders on the Treasurer passed by the Board, and perform 
all other duties properly devolving upon a presiding officer. 

In the absence of the President, one of the Yice Presi- 
dents, in order, shall preside, and in the absence of all these, 



MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 19 



a President pro tempore shall be chosen, who shall be invested 
with all the powers of the President. 

Recording Secretary. 

Sec. 2. The Recording Secretary shall keep a fair and im- 
partial record of the proceedings of the meetings of the Insti- 
tute, and of the Board of Managers ; and shall give public notice 
of the stated and special meetings of the Institute. All books 
under his charge shall be subject to the examination of the mem- 
bers of the Institute. He shall, on all occasions, notify all com- 
mittees of their appointment, and furnish the chairman of 
each committee with so much of the proceedings as relates to 
the object for which it was appointed, and perform all other 
duties that may be required of him by the Institute or the 
Board of Managers. 

Corresponding Secretary. 

Sec. 3. The Corresponding Secretary shall answer all let- 
ters addressed to the Institute, open and maintain such cor- 
respondence as may tend to advance its interests, under the 
direction of the Board of Managers, and keep a record thereof, 
which record shall be open for the examination of the mem- 
bers of the Board. He shall acknowledge the reception of 
all donations to the library, cabinet, &c, and shall notify hon- 
orary or corresponding members of their election. 

Treasurer. 

Sec. 4. The Treasurer shall receive all monies of the Institute 
and safely keep the same in such place and manner as the Board 
of Managers may direct ; and shall make no payments with- 
out written vouchers, attested by the President and Actuary ; 
he shall keep full and accurate accounts of his receipts and 
disbursements and exhibit a true statement thereof in writing 
to the Board of Managers at all their stated meetings, and at 
such other times as they may require. He shall deposit, in 
such bank as the Board of Managers may direct, all moneys 
received by him over and above fifty dollars, and shall draw 



20 MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 



no money, except by check, signed by himself, and the 
President. He shall give bond for the faithful discharge of 
his duties, in the sum of five thousand dollars, with one or more 
securities, to be approved by the Board of Managers, and to 
be renewed annually within ten days after his election. 

ARTICLE IV.— BOARD OF MANAGERS AND THEIR DUTIES. 

Sec. 1. Ex-officio members. The President, two Yice 
Presidents, Recording Secretary, Corresponding Secretary and 
Treasurer shall be ex-officio members of the Board of Man- 
agers. 

Election of Committees, &c. 

Sec. 2. The Board shall, as soon after their election as possi- 
ble, elect by ballot from their own body the following standing 
committees, viz : Committee on Exhibition, to consist of nine ; 
Committee on School of Design, to consist of seven ; Com- 
mittees on Lectures, Library, Hall, Chemical department, 
Education, Music and Finance, to consist of five each; and 
a Committee on New Inventions, to consist of nine members 
of the Institute. 

Committee on Aicards. 



Sec 3. The Board shall also at a meeting immediately 
preceding an Exhibition, elect a Committee on Awards, eleven 
in number, whose duty it shall be to receive and collate the 
Judges' Reports, and arrange the premiums to be bestowed. 

Election of Actuary, &c. 

Sec. 4. The Board shall also as soon after their election as 
possible elect from among the members of the Institute, an Ac- 
tuary, Professors of the different Educational Departments, 
Librarian, Janitor, and such other officers as the necessities 
of the Institute may require. 

General Powers. 

Sec 5. — i. The Board shall have charge of all matters of 
finance, and the various concerns of the Institute pro- 



MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 21 

vided for in the Constitution, reporting the same at the 
next stated meeting of the Institute. 

ii. They shall keep regular minutes of their proceedings 
in a book prepared for that purpose. 

in. Thev shall hold regular stated meetings monthly. 

iv. They shall enact such rules and regulations, for their 
own government, as they may deem requisite. 

v. Nine of their number shall constitute a quorum at any 
stated meeting, but at any special meeting, thirteen 
members shall be necessary. 

vi. They shall require all the Standing Committees to re- 
port to them monthly, and in writing, during the entire 
period of the progress and execution of their arrange- 
ments, and to submit a full and general report, at the 
close of their duties; and also to be prepared at all 
times to furnish every detail connected with the respec- 
tive branch of operations they may have in charge. 

ARTICLE V.— DUTIES OF THE STANDING COMMITTEES. 

Committee on Exhibition. 

Sec. 1. This Committee shall make all the arrangements 
for holding Exhibitions of American Manufactures, at such time 
as the Board may designate. They shall have power to make 
all necessary contracts and disbursements, to carry out fully 
the object of the Institute in holding the Exhibition. They 
shall have prepared such gold, silver and bronze medals, diplo- 
mas, or other awards as the Board may direct, as premiums for 
the first, second and third class American productions of supe- 
rior merit, to be determined by competent and impartial judges, 
and awarded by the Committee on Awards. They shall 
classify the articles exhibited, and shall nominate, subject to 
the approval of the Board of Managers, judges on the several 
classes, and as soon after the opening of the Exhibition as 
possible, afford them the best opportunity for their examina- 
tions. 



22 MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 

Committee on New Inventions. 

Sec. 2. This Committee shall take charge of all special ap- 
plications to the Institute and Board of Managers, for the trial, 
examination, or investigation of any new invention, improve- 
ment or any scientific or mechanical discovery. They shall 
proceed at once after such application has been referred to them 
to make a full investigation of the subject, or appoint other 
and suitable skillful persons from the Institute to make such 
investigation or examination, as may be necessary in order 
to arrive at a full and explicit conclusion as to the merits of 
the case, which examination shall be made under their super- 
vision, and the results of which in every instance shall be 
made known to the Board in a written and detailed report 
signed by themselves and the parties called in by them, which 
reports must set forth briefly the reasons that influenced their 
determination, and recommend such action in the premises by 
the Board in the form of resolutions, as they may deem pro- 
per. 

'No inventor or other person interested in the issue of an 
investigation shall be present while it is under the committee's 
consideration, except at their special invitation, and in cases 
where there may be rivalry, all parties interested shall have 
the same privileges. 

Cwnmittee on, Schools of Design. 
Sec. 3. This Committee shall make the necessary arrange- 
ments for opening the Schools not later than the third week in 
November, and continue them open at least four months. They 
shall employ competent teachers to take charge of the Schools, 
establish rules and regulations for their government, and have 
the entire control thereof. They shall be personally present 
as much as possible during the session, see that the rules and 
regulations are observed and enforced, and afford such aid to 
the officers of the school as may be required. 

Committee on Lectures. 
Sec. 4. This Committee shall make arrangements for and 
conduct a course of Lectures annually before the membership. 



MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 23 



Committee on the Library. 

Sec 5. This Committee shall purchase all suitable books 
maps, &c, to the extent of the funds appropriated. They shall 
see that the Librarian performs the duties required of him. 
They shall make such rules and regulations, for the govern- 
ment of those who visit the Library, as they may deem expedi- 
ent and proper. They shall see, from time to time, what books 
are out of order, or require re-binding, and have the same put 
in order. 

Committee on the Chemical Department. 

Sec. 6. This Committee shall arrange for the opening and 
maintenance of a School of Applied Chemistry, conduct an 
annual course of Lectures on Analytical Chemistry before the 
membership, and extend a general supervision over the 
apparatus and affairs of their Department. 

Committee on Education. 

Sec. 7. This Committee shall arrange for the opening of 
a Book-keeping and Writing School, to commence not later 
than the third week in November, and continue in operation 
at least four months They shall establish rules and regula- 
tions for its government and exercise a general supervision 
over its affairs. 

Committee on Music. 

Sec 8. This Committee shall arrange for opening a School 
for instruction in Yocal and Instrumental Music, to com- 
mence not later than the third week in November, and con- 
tinue in operation at least four months. They shall establish 
rules and regulations for its government and exercise a gene- 
ral supervision over its affairs. 

Committee on the Hall. 

Sec 9. This Committee shall take charge of the Institute's 
Building, adopt the necessary means for keeping it in repair, 
and rent it from time to time, as demand may be made for it. 



24 MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 



Committee on Finance. 
Sec 10. This Committee shall exercise a general supervi- 
sion over the financial affairs of the Institute, see that the 
books and accounts are properly kept and make a thorough 
examination of the same at least twice in each year. 

Meetings of Committees. 

Sec. 11. The Committee on Exhibition shall meet at least 
once a week during the continuance of the Exhibition, and 
they and all other committees shall meet at least once a month 
during the entire period of the progress and execution of their 
arrangements. 

Chairmen to call Meetings. 

Sec 12. The Chairmen shall call meetings of their respec- 
tive committees in accordance with the last preceding section, 
and upon failure for three months to do so, the Board shall de- 
clare their offices vacant, and proceed to fill the vacancies. 

ARTICLE VI. 

Duty of the Actuary. 

Sec 1. It shall be the duty of the Actuary to attend at and 
take charge of the Hall of the Institute, see that it is kept in 
proper and comfortable order, and opened and closed at such 
hours as the Board of Managers or Committee on the Hall 
may direct. He shall have charge of the books of the Insti- 
tute, and, under the direction of the Board or the Finance 
Committee, keep them in such manner as will at all times 
show the exact state of the Institute's affairs, and make 
monthly reports of the same to the Board of Managers. He 
shall keep a correct record of all the members, alphabetically 
arranged ; receive and credit each with the amount of dues 
annually paid, and issue the annual tickets. He shall pay 
over to the Treasurer from time to time, as the Board of 
Managers may direct, all monies by him received. It shall be 
his duty at all times when called upon by any of the special 
or standing committees, to confer with them, and render them 



MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 25 



as far as lays in his power, all information and assistance in 
the arrangement or settlement of the affairs of the Institute, 
and at all times, as circumstances may arise, in view of which 
he has not authority to act, shall apply to the next meeting 
of the Board for instruction. 

Sec. 2. He shall give Bond in the sum of five thousand 
Dollars for the faithful performance of his duties, with two or 
more sureties, to be approved by the Board. He shall perform 
all other duties required of him by the Standing Committees or 
the Board of Managers. 



26 MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 



RULES OF ORDEE, 



RULE I. 

The following shall be the order of business at each meet- 
ing of the Institute : 

1. The President shall take the chair at the appointed hour 

and call the meeting to order. 

2. The minutes of the previous meeting read and considered, 

except at special meetings, when the business for which 
the Institute was convened shall be first in order. 

3. Reading of correspondence. 

4. Report of Board of Managers, &c, read and considered. 

5. Reports of special committees read and considered. 

6. Disposition of deferred or unfinished business. 

7. New business. 

8. Adjournment. 

RULE II. 

Should the foregoing order of business not be completed at 
any one meeting of the Institute, the order shall be resumed 
at the next meeting where it stopped at the previous meeting. 

RULE III. 

The President shall state every question coming before the 
Institute, before suffering debate thereon, and, immediately 
before putting it to vote, shall ask, " Is the Institute ready 
for the question V 



MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 27 



RULE IV. 



When the decision of the President on points of order is 
appealed from, he shall state his decision, and the reasons 
therefor, from the chair. The party appealing shall then 
briefly state the reason for his appeal. The question when 
taken, shall be put thus, " Shall the decision of the Chair 
stand as the judgment of the Institute ?" 



RULE V. 



Every member, while speaking, shall confine himself to 
the question under debate, and avoid all personalities and in- 



decorous language. 



RULE VI. 



Should two or more members rise to speak at the same time, 
the chair shall decide who shall have the floor. 



RULE VII. 



ISTo member shall disturb another in his speech, except to 
call him to order. 



RULE VIII. 



If a member, while speaking, shall be called to order, at 
the request of the chair he shall cease speaking, and take his 
seat until the question of order is determined, when he may 
again proceed, in order. 



RULE IX. 



~No member shall speak more than once on the same ques- 
tion until all the members wishing to speak shall have an op- 
portunity so to do, nor more than twice, without permission 
of the Institute. 



rule x. 



All resolutions shall be reduced to writing, if required, be- 
fore the President shall state the same to the Institute. 



MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 



RULE XI. 



When a blank is to be filled, the question shall be taken 
first upon the highest sum or number, and the longest time 
proposed. 



RULE XII. 



Any member may call for a division of a question when 
the sense will admit of it. 



RULE XIII. 

When a question is before the Institute no motion shall be 
received, unless to adjourn, to take the previous question, to 
lay on the table, to postpone indefinitely, to postpone to a 
definite time, to refer, or to amend ; and they shall have pre- 
cedence in the order herein arranged, the first four of which 
shall be decided without debate. 

RULE XIV. 

The motion to take the previous question maybe made by 
any two members, and shall be put in this form, " shall the 
main question be now taken ?" and if adopted, the effect shall 
be to bring the meeting to a vote upon the question pending 
at the time the previous question was called for. If such 
question was an amendment to an original proposition, the 
vote shall be taken upon the amendment first, and next upon 
the original proposition as amended, or not as the case may 
be, and if the question pending is an amendment to an amend- 
ment, the question shall be first taken on the last amendment 
and so down to the original proposition. 

RULE xv. 

The effect of the motion to lay upon the table, if adopted, 
shall be to prevent the question being taken up again on the 
same evening without a two-third vote. 



MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 29 



RULE XVI. 



"No resolution which has been rejected shall be renewed at 
the same meeting, unless reconsidered as provided for in the 
nineteenth rule. 



RULE XVII. 

Any question which has been indefinitely postponed shall 
not be received at any time before the next monthly meeting, 
and then only upon the condition as explained in the next 
rule. 

RULE XVIII. 

All votes, other than on amendments to the By-Laws or 
Kules of Order, or indefinite postponement, may be recon- 
sidered at the same or next regular meeting, upon a motion 
made and seconded by two members who voted in the ma- 
jority, provided the Institute agree thereto ; but after a motion 
to consider has once been lost, it shall not be renewed. 

RULE XIX. 

"When a motion has been declared carried or lost by the 
usual manner of voting, any member, before the Institute 
proceeds to other business, may call for a count. 

RULE xx. 

All reports of committees shall be in writing, and when 
read to the Institute, shall be considered as accepted, without 
a vote, unless objection be made thereto. 



30 MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 



EULES OF OB DEB 



FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE 



BOARD OF MANAGERS 



1st. The following shall be the order of business at each 
meeting of the Board : 

i. The President shall take the chair at the appointed 
hour and call the meeting to order. 

n. The minutes of the previous meeting read and con- 
sidered. 

in. The consideration of unfinished business. 

iv. Reports of Standing Committees, and action thereon. 

v. Reports of Special Committees, and action thereon. 

vi. Report of Treasurer. 

vn. Report of Actuary. 

viii. Elections, if any. 

ix. New Business. 

x. Adjournment. 

2d. No member shall speak more than twice on any sub- 
ject, nor longer than five minutes at any one time, without spe- 
cial permission of the Board. 

3d. When a member is addressing the chair on any sub- 
ject, the members shall observe silence. 

4th. When a subject is under consideration no motion 
shall be made, but to adjourn, lie on the table, postpone, to 
amend, or the previous question. 

5th. A motion for the previous questions, to adjourn, or 
to lie upon the table, shall always be taken without discussion. 



MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 31 



6th. In voting on any question the chairman shall al- 
ways give the easting vote, in case of a tie. 

7th. Members absent from any meeting of the Board shall 
be fined twelve-and-a-half cents, and any member appearing 
at a meeting after the call of the roll, shall be fined six-and'a 
quarter cents. The funds collected for fines shall be disposed 
of by the Board, as it may see proper, at its last meeting 
previous to a new election. 

8th. The Board shall be governed by the Eules of Order 
of the Institute in all cases unprovided for herein, and in 
cases where no rule of the Institute has been provided, the 
ordinary parliamentary usage shall prevail, as collated by 



Crashing. 



32 MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 



^HE j^NSTITUTE'S Jl/JX. 



The following description of the Hall of the Institute, was 
originally prepared for the Scientific American, in which jour- 
nal it appeared in October, 1851. As the building was then 
in an altogether unfinished state, the article has been modified 
to suit its present complete appearance. 

THE GREAT MECHANICS' HALL AT BALTIMORE. 

We have already noticed iu our paper the rapid progress made by the 
"Maryland Institute for the Promotion of the Mechanic Arts," and have 
alluded, also, to the great building just erected by that flourishing society 
for its important purposes. As this building is now complete in all its 
parts, and as it deserves, from its extent and the laudable objects to which 
it is to be appropriated, more than an ordinary notice, we have gathered, 
through the officers of the Institute, the following particulars : The site 
of the Hall is a very eligible one, fronting as it does on Baltimore street, 
(the Broadway of the Monumental City,) and within two or three hundred 
yards of the Merchants' Exchange, Post Office, and City Hotel. The lot 
is that on which the head section of the old Centre Market stood, and has 
a front of sixty feet, with a depth of three hundred and fifty-five feet to 
Second street. The basement story of the building is a Tuscan Arcade, 
having seventy pilasters, with capacious archways, affording free access 
to the market, to the purposes of which this story is still devoted. The 
pilasters, on each side of the building, are finished with cast iron imposts 
anil archivolts of an appropriate design, corresponding with the finish on 
Baltimore street, where Connecticut brown stone is used for the first story. 
This market department is said to be the most complete and capacious in 
the United States. It has a twenty feet ceiling, supported by one hundred 
neat cast iron columns in two rows. The butchers, (by whom it is occu- 
pied two mornings in the week,) have fitted it up in the most tasteful and 
appropriate style. 



MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 33 



The Halls of the Institute, though over the market, and supported by 
the same foundation, are entirely separate from it. So well, indeed, has 
this been done, that a stranger might enter the Institute many times with- 
out knowing that there was an extensive market house beneath it. The 
main entrance to the Institute is by a large archway in the centre of the 
building on Baltimore street, where you ascend a double flight of steps, 
fifteen feet wide, to the first floor. On a broad platform, half way (ten 
feet) up this flight, there are ticket offices on either side. A spacious ves- 
tibule is reached at the head of these stairs, on either side of which, is a 
large office or dressing room. The grand stair hall, on this floor, is twenty- 
five feet square, at the back of which, is a large meeting or reception room, 
fifty-five by thirty-six feet, with a fourteen foot ceiling. Directly in front 
of the landing, at fifteen feet distance, is a doorway twelve feet wide, open- 
ing into the grand saloon ; this room, " in the clear," is two hundred, by 
fifty-five feet, with a thirty-two and a half foot ceiling. It has twenty win- 
dows, ten on each side, which are each seventeen and a half by seven, and 
a grand promenade gallery, seven feet wide on the sides, and ten feet at each 
end of the room, running entirely around it, at a height of fourteen feet 
from the floor, and supported by eighty strong and beautiful iron brackets, 
set into the walls. Thus the necessity of obstructing the main floor by 
pillars or columns, or of using suspension rods, is entirely avoided, and the 
floor is left entirely free and clear — the largest clear floor in America. This 
great room is finished in a simple but really beautiful style. The fresco 
painting upon the ceiling and walls, is one of the most artistic specimens 
of that kind of work that can be found any where. The design is chaste 
and architecturally appropriate, and the colors are rich and well blended. 
In order to render this room fit for concerts or public speeches, due care 
has been taken. A beautiful cove is placed in the cornice, which has much 
improved its acoustic properties. Though not containing as much ornament 
as some of our public halls, it is thought that, as a whole, this is the finest 
Ball or Exhibition Room in the country. Some two thousand persons may 
promenade the handsome galleries, while four thousand more may be seated, 
or six thousand could easily stand upon the main floor, making its capacity, 
in any event, very great. 

On a level with the floor of the grand saloon, there are, in each of the 
end buildings, (see cut) large rooms, and above them are other large rooms, 
on a level with the gallery floor of the grand saloon. There is, in each of 
the end buildings, another floor still, with rooms equally as large as those 
below them. 

The stair hall, on Baltimore street, contains a double flight of steps to 
the second and third floors. By means of the gallery, and the end rooms 
of the building, an arbulatory of eight hundred feet circuit is afforded, being 
nearly an eighth of a mile. The gallery itself, in the saloon, is fully six 
hundred feet in circuit. This second floor, on a level with the gallery, is 
divided into three rooms for offices, committee rooms, refreshment rooms 
3 



34 MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 



or other necessary uses. In the front building there is a large room, (fifty- 
five by thirty-three feet,) with a twenty foot ceiling, which contains the 
Library of the Institute. This beautiful room, as well as the Stair Hall, 
and all the smaller rooms at the north end of the house, are finished in the 
same elegant style with the Grand Saloon. 

At the other end of the building, on Second street, there are three floors 
also; as already mentioned, all communicating with the grand saloon. 
These rooms, each fifty-five by forty feet, are to be used for the display of 
all working machinery, and such heavy articles as may be deposited at the 
Institute Exhibitions; and also as the design rooms of the "School of 
Design." On the first floor, is placed a thirty horse-power steam engine 
and approved boiler, through which the motive power is derived at the 
Exhibitions. A large hoist-way, with an apparatus that will raise five tons 
at a time, has also been provided. At this end of the building, two flights 
of stairs have been placed, leading to the street, for private uses, and by 
which an additional mode of egress is afforded to the immense audiences 
that throng the house. "We will not undertake to add an estimate of the 
capacity of these various apartments, so numerous and so large, to that of 
the grand saloon ; but the reader will not lose sight of the immense space 
contained in the building, after leaving the saloon out of view altogether. 
Besides all these apartments, the roof contains a store room two hundred 
and sixty feet long by twenty feet wide, and eight feet high. The grand 
saloon is brilliantly lighted at night by four large double cone reflectors, 
suspended from and near the ceiling, each six feet in diameter, and contain- 
ing thirty-six burners. The reflecting surface is of ribbed or corrugated 
glass, silver plated, not liable to tarnish and of immense reflecting power. 
"While the audience is assembling recourse is had to a row of unpretending 
bracket lights around the face of the galleries, and then, in an instant they 
are extinguished and the reflectors simultaneously lighted with an electric 
spark. This arrangement displays the great size of the room to advantage, 
and affords a pleasing relief to the eye, cispensing, as it does, with the glare 
incident to all other plans of lighting. 

We have now given a hasty outline of the interior, and will add a few 
words upon the outside appearance of the building. 

The style is Italian, of that type known to architects as the Astylar, and 
embodies the novel application or combination of several features which 
may be called American. There is a striking architectural beauty and unity 
about it, though the architect was much restricted in presenting a complete 
structure, by several considerations that were forced upon him by peculiar 
circumstances. The end buildings, on Baltimore and on Second streets, are 
seventy-five feet high to the top of the cornice. The main saloon portion, 
which is between these higher ends, is fifty-four feet high to the crown 
moulding, or seventy feet to the apex of the roof. A beautifully propor- 
tioned cupola rises from the Baltimore street end, and on Second street 
there is a lookout, or a projection from the centre of the roof, in character 
with the finish at the other end. The central roof (over the saloon,) is fin- 



MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 



35 



ished with three small elevations at the peaks, that break its straight appear- 
ance, and answer the purpose of assisting the ventilation. 

The walls are very heavy, and of the best Baltimore brick, laid flush. It 
has been painted with four coats of oil paint, to correspond in color with 
the brown stone of the basement on Baltimore street. The asherling of 
this stone is of finely pointed work, and the mouldings, capitals, cornices, 
&c, are rubbed. The numerous windows in the building, are trimmed with 
much fine work that adds very materially to the splendor of the outside. 
The roof is a most durable one, covered with large and excellent slate, of 
the best quality. The very best materials have been used throughout the 
building, and great care has been observed in insuring strength and durability. 
The foundation is as sound as a rock, the house being built upon six hundred 
and fifty large piles driven home, and firmly braced on the heads with im- 
mense timbers, surmounted again by six feet of solid masonry. The number 
of brick used in the building, is about one million seven hundred and fifty 
thousand. The whole building cost one hundred and five thousand dollars. 

The representation on the cover of this Constitution gives but a meagre 
outline of this magnificent building. It does not fairly exhibit the finish of 
the arches, the cornices, the windows, the roof, or the cupola. 

For the plan and details of this great edifice, the Institute is indebted to 
the practical skill and fine taste of Mr. Wm. H. Reasin, one of its members, 
a practical builder and architect. 

The superintendence of the erection of the Hall, devolved upon Mr. Josiah 
Reynolds, one of Baltimore's most popular builders, and also a member of 
the Institute. 

The general business management and control of the work, was entrusted 
to a building committee of seven managers of the Institute, who performed 
their highly responsible and delicate duties in a creditable manner, and 
deserve great praise for having erected this splendid structure. Their names 
are Wm. Bayley, (chairman,) Josiah Reynolds, Benj. S. Benson, W. Abra- 
hams, Sam'l E. Rice, Edward Needles, and Thomas Trimble. 



36 MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 



EXTRACTS FROM THE 

CLOSING ADDRESS, 

Delivered before the Institute, at its Fourth Exhibition, November 19th, 1851, 
the President, JOSHUA YAXSAXT, Esq. 



Ladies and Gentlemen: 

Honored by the members of the Maryland Institute with the office of 
President, it is my duty to announce to this intelligent assembly, the names 
of those to vrhom awards hare been made, and the character of those awards, 
for their superior excellence in their several arts. It cannot be expected 
that all who have honored our Exhibition with works of skill, can be grati- 
fied with the decisions of the Judges in the various classifications of articles, 
any more than can the infalliability of human judgment, be relied upon. 
The Managers of the Institute selected as arbiters those who are of ac- 
knowledged integrity as well as skill and judgement, and who, not being 
Exhibitors, could not be supposed to be influenced by considerations of pri- 
vate interest. In the discharge of the onerous duties which devolved upon 
them, many articles of merit have been overlooked, but, I am sure, that 
they have endeavored to perform faithfully and impartially, the trust reposed 
in them : if, therefore, they have omitted to notice all the articles of marked 
excellence, or have given decisions differing from the judgment of others, 

it is the part of charity to award to them the merit of honesty of purpose. 
* # * * * * * * # 

The brilliant scene now presented, carries me back to a period when In- 
stitutions of a character kindred to the Maryland Institute were first or- 
ganized in America, and a few remarks, therefore, may be appropriately 
indulged in, to render in part justice to those who have meritoriously 
pioneered us in the formation, and in the carrying out of the noble purposes 
of the Maryland Institute. As the organ, on this occasion, of that body, 
I feel at liberty to speak in the plural, and to say, that we do not claim for 
ourselves all the credit which promises to attach to an enterprise, foreshadow- 
ing such glorious results, but freely award the full measure of praise to 
those, who at an earlier day, conceived, and for a time successfully carried 
out the noble purposes of institutions tending to the advancement of the 
Mechanic Arts, and the Sciences connected therewith. 



MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 37 



In the year 1822, a few of the public spirited citizens of Philadelphia, 
aroused by the labors of Doctor Birckbeck and Lord Brougham in behalf 
of the mechanical industry of England and Scotland, convened for the pur- 
pose of forming a Society for the culivation and encouragement of the Me- 
chanic Arts, and for imparting instruction to those engaged at such labor ; 
but, from various causes, their efforts failed of success. The more zealous 
advocates of the system, however, resolved upon the expedient of calling a 
town meeting, with the view of awakening their fellow-citizens to the im- 
portance of the measure, and, accordingly, on the 5th of February, 1824, a 
meeting was held at the County Court House, at which a series of resolu- 
tions favoring the project were adopted, as was also a Constitution for the 
government of the Association. 

From that period may be fairly dated the organization of the " Franklin 
Institute of Philadelphia," being the first Institute of that character which 
had been, up to that time, successfully established in the United States. Its 
first Fair was held in October, 1824, and its twent} T -eighth Exhibition has 
just closed. Every department of society has realized the benefits conferred 
by that Institution. The admirable sj r stem of conducting its operations, 
has been the guide for other similar institutions in this country, and is still 
worthy of emulation. 

It was not long after the Franklin Institute went into operation, that our 
enterprising and popular townsman, John H. B. Latrobe, (then but little 
more than a stripling,) determined upon the formation of a similar institu- 
tion at Baltimore, and being encouraged in the prosecution of his project 
by Fielding Lucas, Jr. and others, a meeting was called for that purpose in 
the year 1825, and the first Maryland Institute for the promotion of the 
Mechanic Arts, was then organized. On the 10th of January, 1826, it was 
incorporated by the Legislature of Maryland, and in the preamble to the 
Act are inserted the names of the Officers and of the Board of Managers — 
to wit: President, William Steuart; Vice-Presidents, George Warner, 
Fielding Lucas, Jr. ; Recording Secretary, John Mowton ; Corresponding 
Secretary, Dr. William Howard; Treasurer, Samuel Hardin; Managers, 
James H. Clark, John D. Craig, D. G. McCoy, Jacob Deems, Solomon Et- 
ting, William H. Freeman, Benjamin C. Howard, Moses Hand, William 
Hubbard, William Krebs, Thomas Kelso, Robert Cary Long, John H. B. 
Latrobe, Peter Leary, William Meeteer, James Mosher, Hezekiah Niles, 
Henry Payson, Wm. Roney, Joseph K. Stapleton, Wm. F. Small, James 
Sykes, James R. Williams and Samuel D. Walker. 

On the 6th of November, 1825, that Institution held its first Exhibition 
of articles of American manufacture, in a building in South Charles street, 
then known as " Concert Hall," and its second one in the same place in the 
year 1827. The members of that intelligent body believed that more could 
be accomplished for the Mechanical portion of the community, by keeping 
up, during all seasons of the year, courses of instruction through the me- 
dium of practical lectures, than by expending their means in exhibitions. 
They accordingly secured the services of the most intelligent men of the 



38 MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 



State in lecturing upon all subjects having a connection with the Mechanic 
Arts ; and to aid the lecturers in the illustration of their respective subjects, 
the Institute caused to be procured from France, philosophical apparatus, 
not surpassed in extent and quality by any of the kind in this country. It 
had also acquired a library for the use of its members, comprising works 
upon the sciences, mechanics and literature. 

The members of that Institute continued their labors with much assiduity 
and with great success, until 1835. On the 7th of February of that year, 
the Athenasum, then located at the south-west corner of St. Paul's and Lex- 
ington streets, which building the Institute occupied in part, was consumed 
by fire, and the entire properties of the old Maryland Institute were burned. 
This lamentable circumstance was so discouraging in its influences that it 
produced a speedy dissolution of an institution which had, during an ex- 
istence of ten years, been productive of great public benefits. Its member- 
ship registered seven hundred and seven, comprising much of the intelli- 
gence, public spirit, and skill of Baltimore. 

The major part of those who were of that body, have been bound by the 
hand of death, and laid in their " narrow halls." To their memories should 
be awarded the tribute of praise which gratitude claims for those who have 
finished well their task, and left the heritage of a good example, and rich 
fruits, the seeds of which they had sown for posterity. Of the surviving 
members, I am most happy to recognize in the catagory of the members of 
the present Institute — John H. B. Latrobe, Joseph K. Stapleton, Fielding 
Lucas, Jr., Samuel Childs, Jesse Hunt, Joseph King, Jr., Joseph Barling, 
John Rodgers, and many others favorably known to this community. 

Youth is the season of enthusiasm ; it is impulsive, ardent, and quick to 
catch hold on objects which invite full scope for the faculties of the mind, 
or the physical energies ; but when we see enrolled among our energetic 
members, those who have reached a green old age, and who can scarce have 
a hope to enjoy, in their day, the fruits for which they now toil — when we 
recognize in our council such men as Joseph K. Stapleton and John Rodgers, 
we must be more than ever convinced, that the objects of the Maryland 
Institute deserve the employment of the best energies of its members, as 
the ends have commanded the favor and patronage of the public. To John 
H. B. Latrobe, who devoted, successfully, the energies of his mind to form 
the old Maryland Institute, and lent his aid in the organization of the ex- 
isting institution, I offer, in the name of my co-workers, the assurance of a 
grateful appreciation of his services. 

At the period of the formation of the original Maryland Institute, Balti- 
more contained a population of about seventy thousand souls. The me- 
chanical and commercial enterprise of the inhabitants thereof, and their 
reputation for probity in business pursuits, have increased the population 
to more than one hundred and seventy thousand, while its continued ad- 
vance in population, in wealth, and in all that is calculated to characterize 
it as a great city, is no longer a problem, but a result, as certain as that at- 
tainable by the action of the principles of science. 



MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 39 



On the 30th of November, 1847. a call was issued signed by Benjamin S. 
Benson and sixty- nine others, for a meeting to be held at Washington Hall, 
of all persons favorable to forming a Mechanics' Institute. In pursuance 
of the invitation, a meeting was held on the evening of the 1st of December 
proximo, at which Jesse Hunt was called to the chair, and J. B. Easter ap- 
pointed secretary, after which J. H. B. Latrobe delivered an address explan- 
atory of the purposes for which the meeting had been convened. Even 
then doubts were entertained, by some of the friends of the measure, as to 
the ability of successfully effecting the object of the meeting ; and evincive 
of those doubts, a motion was made, and seconded, to unite with a most 
praiseworthy Institution, then just established, and styled " The Association 
for the Encouragement of Literature and Arts." But those who were more 
sanguine, believed that the isolation of the object, was indispensable to its 
success ; that the purpose for which they had assembled, appealed to then- 
public spirit and their pride of independence as a great industrial class ; and 
challenged their undivided energies in the cause ; and thus believing they 
refused to sanction the motion. At this meeting eighty names were enroll- 
ed, and a committee was appointed to draft the form of a Constitution for 
the government of the body then assembled. On the 22d of the same 
month, the committee made a report to an adjourned meeting, and the Con- 
stitution submitted was unanimously adopted. The first election for officers 
and a board of managers, took place on the 12th of January, 1848. On the 
19th of the same month, the board of managers met and organized. With 
a proper spirit, the new Maryland Institute commenced its career. Its first 
exhibition was at Washington Hall, in the month of Octoher, 1848. At the 
same, there were four hundred and fifty depositors or exhibitors of articles. 
The gross receipts, from admissions to the fair, amounted to three thousand 
one hundred and sixty-three dollars ; number of members, two hundred and 
seventeen. The second fair was held at the same place, in 1849. Deposi- 
tors—four hundred and sixty ; gross receipts— three thousand three hundred 
and twenty-four dollars ; members three hundred and twenty-three. The 
third fair was held at the same place in 1850. Depositors thereat— nine 
hundred and fifty-one ; gross receipts— five thousand six hundred and four 
dollars; members— six hundred and ten. Ladies and Gentlemen, you are 
present at the Fourth Annual Exhibition of the " Maryland Institute for 
the Promotion of the Mechanic Arts," and in the Hall dedicated to Ameri- 
can invention, skill, and industry, and, I think, I may truthfully add, to 
American glory and independence. 

After the first year of the formation of the Institute, the managers of the 
same were ceaseless in their efforts to procure a suitable site for the con- 
struction of a building adapted to all the purposes of the body they repre- 
sented ; but no locality could be secured that did not present obstacles dis- 
couraging to the enterprize. I except him who has the honor of now 
addressing you, when I say, that the managers, who had, from time to time, 
been most judiciously selected by the Institute, were a fair representation 
of the intelligence, energy, and sagacity of the Mechanics of Baltimore, and 
their labors, as the agents of that great body of their fellow-citizens, are- 



40 MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 



meritorious of confidence and favor. But in the midst of the useful, was 
the mind that stirred the ashes of the old Maryland Institute until it rose, 
Phoenix like, with a renewed animation, and a redoubled strength, from its 
long rest ; there was the man, whose hard hands, muscular frame, and face 
scarce cleared of the smut of toil, indicated that he had, in the eating of his 
bread, faithfully obeyed the edict of God, but did not disclose the inventive 
genious, the sagacity, or the sleepless energy of Benjamin S. Benson. To 
that gentleman, modest in his pretensions, yet great in the honored essentials 
of conception and execution, are we indebted for giving to the existing In- 
stitute the first breath of animation, and of conceiving the idea of construct- 
ing a Hall, to facilitate its noble purposes, on the site of the upper Centre 
Market. 

The enterprise of constructing the building, owes much to the citizens, 
who having at heart the success of the Institute, and possessing confidence in 
the integrity of its members, subscribed liberally to stock in the Hall. The 
Mayor and City Council of Baltimore, which assented to the use of the site, 
and appropriated fifteen thousand dollars towards the construction thereon 
of a handsome, commodious, and permanent market p'ace to the great 
beautifying of the City in that part, which most needs the hand of improve- 
ment, eminently deserve the confidence and admiration of their constituency. 
To the liberal owners of stalls inside of the market house, as well as to the 
occupants outside of the same, great merit should be attributed for the zeal 
which they manifested in behalf of the undertaking, and for the ready aid 
which they rendered during the progress of erecting the building. 

********* 

The present condition of the Institute evidences the most prudent and 
wise management, and also the appreciation and encouragement of a dis- 
cerning and liberal public. There are now attached to it, one hundred and 
fifty-six life members, nine hundred and seventy senior members, and seven 
hundred and seventy-five junior members, making a total of nineteen hun- 
dred and one, being an increase in membership, since the last exhibition, of 
twelve hundred and ninety-one. The proceeds of the present exhibition 
exceed twelve thousand dollars. Depositors or exhibitors of goods, two 
thousand and forty -one, being ten hundred and ninety more than there were 
at the last or any former exhibition. 

The objects of the Institute having been so often defined, that it would 
be profitless to you, as well as a tax upon your patience, if I were to attempt 
a full explanation of the matter. There is one department, at least, to 
which the public has given such general approval and commendation, and 
which promises such gratifying results, that I cannot, without much injustice 
to the senior and junior members of the Institute, pass unnoticed : I mean 
that department which opens to the membership the School of Design. To 
all engaged in Mechanics, and to the apprenticed Mechanic in particular is 
thus afforded an opportunity for learning those branches in drawing, which 
are not only of the greatest importance and utility, but which are indispen- 
sable to a perfection in Mechanic Arts. There are nearly eight hundred 



MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 41 



junior members of the Institute. They are young men meritorious because 

of their exemplary character, and because of their desire so to improve 

themselves, as to render their labors advantageous to society as well as to 

themselves. These young men are not content with the performance of the 

mere physical task allotted to them by their parents or masters, but they 

have evinced a determination to understand the rationale of their calling, 

and to make themselves,in every essential the masters of art. My life upon it, 

that they will, as a body, make better men, better citizens, and more skilful 

and more prosperous mechanics, than any corresponding number of young 

men in this City, outside of the membership. Does not a sj'stem which 

promises to accomplish so much good, challenge the support of every good 

citizen ? Is it not a great public benefaction ? 

********* 

I need not enumerate the many varied and increasing uses to which the 
science of Chemistry is now applied, for the convenience, economy, and 
profit of the world. It extends its benefits so generally to all the industrial 
and refined occupations of man, as to render a knowledge of it an indispen- 
sable part of education. To say nothing of its importance as regards the 
intellect, its agency to society has been one of beueficence exceeding that 
of the greatest charity. Besides extending its assistance to the promotion 
of arts, it ameliorates the evils of sickness by its additions to the Materia 
Medica ; and by exposing the noxious prescriptions of the ignorant, aud 
substituting curative remedies, stays even the agency of death. No one can 
tell what may yet be the result of investigations in Chemistry. No one can 
define its limit. " It is a searching agent which exposes the errors of those 
who blunder in the studies of nature — a confirmer of truths — a spirit that 
dives into the deep bosom of the earth, and reveals her riches — that soars 
into the high regions of the heavens, and brings away its lightnings — that, 
lightlike, penetrates everywhere, and, like light, clears away all obscurities." 

We must not therefore, while enjoying the profitable issues of this science, 
hesitate to foster its advance so that it may keep pace with the requirements 
of the times. It becomes us to have our own oracle to proclaim precepts in 
science; our own school for the education of our members. The artisan 
must be taught the rationale of his processes, so that he may work under- 
standingly. Since a School of Chemistry is so essentially an adjunct of an 
Institute for the promotion of the Mechanic Arts, it becomes the duty of 
ourselves and the public, to co-operate liberal!}' with the committee already 



raised for the accomplishment of that purpose, in creating the fund neces- 
sary for its erection. This can only be accomplished by free-will offerings, 
as the means of the Institute have nearly been exhausted in the construc- 
tion of this Hall. 

********* 

The Institutions which are around and about us, dedicated to purposes of 

human improvement, will in their tendencies uplift the spirit of man and 

place each one upon a common platform with his fellow. To my brother 

mechanics, in particular, I appeal to avail themselves of the opportunities 



42 



MARYLAND INSTITUTE. 



which are thus presented for their advancement in all that is useful and 
honorable. Mechanics of America, I invoke you to adopt the sentiments 
and profit by the precepts of the distinguished Edward Everett, of Massa- 
chusetts — "Respect your calling; respect yourselves. The cause of human 
improvement has no firmer or more powerful friends. In the great temple 
of nature, whose foundation is the earth ; whose pillars are the eternal hills ; 
whose roof is the star-lit sky; whose organ tones are the whispering 
breezes and the sounding storm ; whose architect is God ; there is no minis- 
try more sacred than that of the intelligent Mechanic." 

My task is nearly done. Thus far the progress of the Maryland Institute 
towards the accomplishment of its great purposes has been more rapid than 
its most sanguine friends anticipated. The benefits already realized by the 
community since its organization have, in the happiness which springs from 
a consciousness of having performed a service promotive of public good, 
more than repaid its most active members for the time and toil consequent 
upon its management. 

For the Institute, I thank the ladies and gentlemen of the State of Mary- 
land, and of the City of Baltimore, for their patronage and encouragement. 
The triumphant accomplishment of the objects of the Maryland Institute 
is for the future. To that end I pledge the faithful labors of its members ; 
and to that end also, ladies and gentlemen, a continuance of your co-oper- 
ation is earnestly solicited. 



presidents of \l\t fbtstitutt 



JOHN RODGERS, 

Part of year 1848— resigned. 

GEORGE R. DODGE, 

Balance of year 1848. 

JOSHUA VANSANT, 

1849 to 1857, inclusive. 

SAMUEL SANDS, 

1858 and 1859. 



GERMON H. HUNT, 

I860 to 1864, inclusive. 



JOHN F. MEREDITH, 

1865 and 1866. 



WILLIAM W. MA UGHLIN, 

l 1867 and 1868. 



JAMES YOUNG, 

1869 to 1871, inclusive. 



CHARLES W. BENTLEY, 

1872 and 1873. 



JjUttiatiottal ^ptmifttts, 



1873, 



Prof. D. A. WOODWARD, Principal 

Night School for Males 460 pupils. 

Day School for Females 47 pupils. 

gocfe-feeqrint). 

Prof. J AS. R. WEBSTER, Principal. 

117 Pupils. 

Profs. J. <£ D. MAY, Principals. 

129 Pupils. 

(fltcmiaJ. 

Prof WILLIAM P. TOXRY, in charge. 

library. 

15,850 Volumes. 




Died March 6th, 1872. 




c 



One of the founders of the Institute 
President at the time of his de 



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